Answer by KConrad for Could a nice principle be extracted from this lemma of...
See L. Carlitz, "A Note on Gauss' First Proof of the Quadratic Reciprocity Theorem" Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 11 (1960), 563-565.
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In response to your second query "An alternative proof would be also welcome":A (nearly) one-page proof of a stronger version ($q<\sqrt p$ instead of $q<p$)$^\ast$ is lemma 5.6 in Quadratic and...
View ArticleCould a nice principle be extracted from this lemma of Gauss
I asked the following question in the math SE, with a bounty of 200 pts, without result. What have the real pros to say about that.question:To prove the quadratic reciprocity law, Gauss needed the...
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